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The skin protects the organism from mechanical, chemical, microbial
and physical influences.
| Damaging influence |
Protective
mechanism |
| Mechanical trauma |
Thickening of the horny layer (callus formation)
Elasticity of the dermis and subcutaneous fatty tissue |
| Alkaline noxae |
Buffer capacity of the hydrolipid film and
protective acid mantle |
| Penetration of skin bacteria |
Permeability barrier of the horny layer protective
acid mantle and harmful substances |
| Dehydration |
Hydrolipids, epidermal lipids natural moisturizing
factors (NMF) |
| UV radiation |
Increased melanin formation, light-induced
thickening |
| Heat |
Perspiration, widening of the vessels in the
skin |
| Cold |
Contraction of the vessels in the skin |
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Passive and active functions
of the skin:
1 Protection from cold, heat, radiation
2 Protection from pressure, blows, abrasion
3 Protection from the action of chemical substances
4 Protection from invasion by microorganisms (formation of the protective
acid mantle)
5 Protection from heat and water loss
6 Defence against invading microorganisms
7 Absorption of certain substances
8 Perspiration (cooling)
9 Circulatory and thermal regulation by means of the dermal vascular
system
10 Pressure, vibration, tactile, pain and temperature sensory organs |
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SUMMARY:
The skin has various intrinsic systems available for its own
protection. The combination of corneocytes and epidermal lipids
(brick and mortar model) make up what is known as the permeability
barrier. The skin surface lipids have an antibacterial and fungicidal
action. With its physiological pH of approximately 5.5 the protective
acid mantle protects the skin from microbial invasion and alkaline
noxae. |
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