Eczema on legs: Causes and care

Published: August 2025

Eczema is a common skin condition that can affect various parts of the body, including hands, ears, face, eyelids and legs. When it appears on the legs, it can be particularly uncomfortable and sometimes challenging to manage due to the skin's constant movement and exposure. Understanding the underlying causes and types, especially varicose eczema, can help in managing symptoms and improving skin health.

Eczema, also known as dermatitis, is an inflammatory skin condition that leads to dry, itchy, red, and irritated skin. In some cases, the skin may crack, weep, or become thickened due to prolonged scratching. There are several types of eczema, including atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and varicose eczema, among others.

Eczema on the legs can be triggered or worsened by several factors:

• Irritants: Exposure to soaps, detergents, rough fabrics, or fragrances can irritate the skin and lead to flare-ups. 
• Allergens: Allergic reactions to materials like nickel, rubber, or even certain plant-based substances may contribute to leg eczema. 
• Climate: Cold, dry weather or sudden temperature changes can dry out the skin and exacerbate eczema. 
• Poor circulation: Reduced blood flow in the legs, often due to varicose veins, may contribute to a type of eczema known as varicose eczema. 
• Friction and sweating: Areas like behind the knees or around the ankles can be prone to sweating or rubbing against clothing, making them more vulnerable to irritation. 
• Genetics and immune response: A family history of eczema or an overactive immune system can increase the likelihood of developing the condition. 

Varicose eczema, also known as venous eczema or stasis dermatitis, is a long-term skin condition that typically affects the lower legs. It occurs as a result of poor blood flow in the veins, often associated with varicose veins. This type of eczema tends to affect older adults and may develop gradually.

Varicose eczema is caused by poor blood circulation in the legs, most commonly due to chronic venous insufficiency.

This condition occurs when the valves in the leg veins become weakened or damaged, making it difficult for blood to flow back up to the heart. As a result, blood pools in the lower legs, increasing pressure in the veins and leading to fluid leakage and inflammation in the surrounding tissues.

Common signs of varicose eczema include: 

• Itchy, red, or brown patches of skin, usually around the ankles or lower legs 
• Dry, flaky, or scaly skin 
• Swelling in the lower legs, especially after standing for long periods 
• Skin that becomes thin or shiny 
• In more advanced cases, open sores or leg ulcers may develop 

While varicose eczema itself is not life-threatening, it should not be ignored. If left untreated, it can lead to complications such as: 

• Leg ulcers: These are open sores that can be painful and slow to heal, often requiring medical treatment. 
• Infections: Scratching the affected area can lead to breaks in the skin, increasing the risk of bacterial infections such as cellulitis. 
• Permanent skin changes: Prolonged inflammation can cause the skin to become thickened, discoloured, or hardened over time. 

Early diagnosis and proper care are crucial. Moisturising regularly, avoiding irritants, and supporting vein health (e.g., by wearing compression stockings or elevating the legs) can help manage symptoms. In more severe cases, a healthcare professional may recommend topical corticosteroids, antibiotics for infection, or treatments to address underlying venous issues. 

Caring for eczema on the legs involves maintaining skin hydration, protecting the skin barrier, and reducing inflammation. Eucerin’s AtoControl range is specially formulated to care for dry, irritated, and eczema-prone skin.

Cleansing is the first essential step in caring for eczema-prone skin, but many soaps and shower gels can be too harsh, stripping the skin of moisture and exacerbating irritation. Eucerin AtoControl Bath & Shower Oil offers a gentle, soap-free alternative that’s suitable for daily use, even during flare-ups.

Formulated with omega-3 and omega-6 oils, it helps to replenish the skin’s natural lipids and strengthen its barrier function. These nourishing oils calm dry, itchy skin and help to reduce tightness and discomfort after bathing. The formula is free from fragrance, colourants, and preservatives, making it ideal for sensitive and eczema-prone skin. 

After cleansing, it's essential to lock in moisture. Eucerin AtoControl Body Care Lotion provides long-lasting hydration while soothing irritated, eczema-prone skin. 

The formula contains Licochalcone A, a natural anti-inflammatory derived from liquorice root which helps to calm the skin, reduce redness, and support the skin’s natural regeneration process.

Lightweight yet deeply nourishing, this lotion absorbs quickly without leaving a greasy residue, making it ideal for daily use. With regular application, it helps to extend the periods between flare-ups, significantly improves the skin’s overall condition and improve quality of life for those with Atopic Dermatitis*. 

* Beiersdorf research, AtopiControl PiU claim support, May 2017 

Long-term management of varicose eczema involves reducing pressure in the veins and improving circulation. Measures include: 

• Wearing compression stockings helps support the veins and improve blood flow, reducing swelling and preventing blood pooling. 
• Moisturise regularly (at least twice daily) with emollients to keep skin hydrated and reduce itching or cracking. 
• Leg elevation helps reduce swelling and improve blood flow. 
• Physical activity can help blood flow, as venous eczema can be made worse by spending long periods standing still or sitting.